Origins of the Alliance

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In the latter years of the Second Age, after forging the One Ring in the fires of Mount Doom, Sauron's power grew exponentially throughout Middle-earth. From his fortress in Mordor, he extended his influence across vast territories, corrupting men and subjugating various peoples under his dominion while waging war against the Elves of Eregion.
The fall of Númenor marked a crucial turning point in the history of Middle-earth. The faithful Númenóreans, led by Elendil and his sons, escaped the catastrophe and established the realms of Arnor and Gondor in Middle-earth. These kingdoms of the Dúnedain became strongholds of resistance against the growing darkness.
High King Gil-galad in Lindon and Elendil in his newly established realms recognized that Sauron posed an existential threat to all free peoples of Middle-earth. Their wisdom and foresight led them to understand that only through a united front could they hope to challenge the Dark Lord's growing power. This recognition formed the foundation of what would become known as the Last Alliance of Elves and Men.

The Gathering of Forces

The Elven armies assembled under Gil-galad's banner represented the greatest gathering of Elven military might since the First Age. From the havens of Lindon and the hidden valley of Rivendell, the Noldorin Elves marched forth in their thousands, their spears gleaming and their armor shining with an ancient glory not seen since the days of Beleriand.
The armies of the Númenóreans in exile proved equally impressive, as both the northern kingdom of Arnor and the southern realm of Gondor contributed their full military strength. These forces represented the pinnacle of human martial prowess, combining the ancient wisdom of Númenor with the strength and nobility of their bloodline.
The Dwarves of Khazad-dûm, though not fully committed to the primary force, joined the Alliance as auxiliary troops. Under the leadership of their king Durin IV, they provided crucial support with their superior weaponry and their knowledge of warfare in mountainous terrain. Their participation, while limited, demonstrated the gravity of the threat Sauron posed to all free peoples.

Leaders of the Alliance

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Gil-galad, the last High King of the Noldor in Middle-earth, led the Alliance wielding his legendary spear Aeglos. His presence on the battlefield inspired both Elves and Men alike, as he represented the last vestiges of the glory of the First Age. The spear Aeglos was said to glow with a deadly frost that no enemy could withstand.
Elendil the Tall, standing over seven feet in height, wielded the mighty sword Narsil, forged by the Dwarf-smith Telchar in the First Age. His commanding presence and tactical acumen made him a natural co-leader of the Alliance, earning him respect from both the Eldar and the Edain alike.
Isildur and Anárion, the sons of Elendil, proved themselves worthy of their father's legacy. While Isildur commanded the forces of Arnor, Anárion led the armies of Gondor, both demonstrating the strength and nobility of their Númenórean heritage. Their combined military expertise significantly contributed to the Alliance's strategic advantages.
Elrond, serving as Gil-galad's herald, brought his considerable experience and wisdom to the Alliance. Having witnessed the events of both the First and Second Ages, his counsel proved invaluable in both strategic planning and maintaining unity among the diverse forces. His role as herald placed him at the center of diplomatic relations between the various peoples of the Alliance.

The March to Mordor

The crossing of the Misty Mountains represented one of the greatest logistical challenges faced by the Alliance. The massive army had to navigate treacherous passes and harsh weather conditions while maintaining their combat readiness. This feat of military organization demonstrated the exceptional planning capabilities of the Alliance's leadership.
As the combined forces moved through the vales of Anduin, they established supply lines and secured their route against potential enemies. The great river served as both a highway for their supplies and a strategic barrier against Sauron's forces, allowing the Alliance to maintain its strength as it moved southward.
During their march, the Alliance gathered additional supporters from various settlements and peoples along their path. These included settlements of Men in the Vales of Anduin, remnants of the Elven populations that had not yet departed Middle-earth, and other free peoples who recognized the crucial nature of this campaign against Sauron.

The Siege of Barad-dûr

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The siege of Barad-dûr lasted seven years, during which the Alliance maintained a strict encirclement of Sauron's fortress. This prolonged campaign tested the endurance and resolve of both Elves and Men, requiring unprecedented cooperation and resource management to maintain their position against the Dark Lord's forces.
The Alliance constructed elaborate siege works and fortifications around Mordor, establishing a network of defensive positions and supply depots. These engineering feats, combining Númenórean technology with Elven craft, created an impenetrable barrier that prevented Sauron's forces from breaking out or receiving reinforcements.
Throughout the siege, Sauron's forces launched numerous sorties and counter-attacks against the Alliance's positions. Each assault was met with fierce resistance, as the combined arms of Elves and Men proved superior to the Dark Lord's armies of Orcs and corrupted Men. The Alliance's defensive strategy gradually wore down Sauron's military strength.

The Battle of Dagorlad

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The decisive battle on the plains before Mordor marked the culmination of years of strategic planning and military preparation. The Alliance's forces demonstrated their superior tactics and coordination, with the Elven archers and Númenórean infantry working in perfect harmony to counter Sauron's armies.
The breaking of Sauron's armies came after intense fighting, as the combined might of the Alliance proved too strong for even his seemingly endless hordes. The disciplined ranks of the Númenóreans, supported by the swift and deadly Elven warriors, systematically destroyed the enemy's military cohesion.
The Silvan Elves, fighting alongside their Noldorin kin, suffered particularly heavy losses during the battle. Their sacrifice demonstrated the dedication of all Elven peoples to the cause of defeating Sauron, regardless of their realm or lineage.
The victory on the plains opened the way into Mordor itself, allowing the Alliance to press their advantage toward Barad-dûr. This success proved that Sauron was not invincible and that the combined strength of Elves and Men could overcome even the greatest evils of Middle-earth.

The Final Confrontation

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Sauron's personal emergence from Barad-dûr marked a desperate turn in the battle, as the Dark Lord himself came forth to face his enemies. His presence on the battlefield brought terror to even the bravest warriors, yet the leaders of the Alliance stood firm against his onslaught.
The death of Gil-galad came at the hands of Sauron himself, as the High King was consumed by the Dark Lord's burning touch. The loss of the last High King of the Noldor marked the end of an age and dealt a grievous blow to the Elven peoples of Middle-earth.
Elendil fell in combat against Sauron, and his mighty sword Narsil shattered beneath him. The death of the High King of the Númenóreans in exile represented a crucial moment in the history of Men, marking both an end and a beginning for their peoples.
In a moment that would shape the future of Middle-earth, Isildur took up his father's broken sword and cut the One Ring from Sauron's hand. This act brought about Sauron's defeat and the collapse of his physical form, though his spirit would endure due to the Ring's continued existence.

Aftermath and Consequences

Following the victory, the kingdoms of Arnor and Gondor were formally established as the chief realms of Men in Middle-earth. Under the leadership of Isildur and the heirs of Anárion, these kingdoms would become the guardians of wisdom and civilization in the coming age.
The defeat of Sauron marked the end of the Second Age and the beginning of the Third. This new era would see the gradual decline of Elven influence in Middle-earth and the rise of the dominion of Men.
Isildur's decision to keep the One Ring, despite counsel to destroy it, would have far-reaching consequences. Rather than cast it into the fires of Mount Doom where it was forged, he claimed it as weregild for his father's death and his brother's loss.
Elrond established Rivendell as a sanctuary of lore and wisdom, preserving the knowledge and culture of the Eldar in Middle-earth. This haven would serve as a crucial center of resistance against evil in the ages to come, maintaining the memory of the Last Alliance and its significance.

Weapons and Artifacts

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Gil-galad's spear Aeglos was renowned for its deadly effectiveness against the forces of darkness. The weapon's name, meaning 'Snow-point' in Sindarin, reflected its frost-like properties in battle. The fate of this legendary weapon after Gil-galad's fall remains unknown.
The sword Narsil, though broken in the final battle, remained a symbol of hope and resistance against evil. Forged by Telchar of Nogrod in the First Age, its shards would later be reforged as Andúril, the Flame of the West.
The One Ring, cut from Sauron's hand by Isildur, remained the central artifact of power throughout the following ages. Its preservation, rather than destruction, ensured that Sauron's spirit would endure and eventually regain strength.
The armies of the Last Alliance bore distinctive armor and banners that reflected their respective cultures. The Elven forces carried the star-emblazoned banners of Gil-galad, while the Men of Númenor marched under the symbols of the White Tree and the Seven Stars.

Historical Impact

The defeat of Sauron marked the definitive end of his dominion in the Second Age, concluding an era of darkness that had threatened to engulf all of Middle-earth. His defeat demonstrated that even the mightiest of evils could be overcome through unity and sacrifice.
The victory of the Last Alliance came at a great cost to the Elven realms, as their strength was significantly diminished by the losses suffered in the war. This weakening accelerated the gradual fading of the Elves from Middle-earth, a process that would continue throughout the Third Age.
The beginning of the dominion of Men was marked by both triumph and uncertainty. While the Númenórean kingdoms reached their height of power, the preservation of the One Ring ensured that their victory remained incomplete.
The decision to preserve rather than destroy the One Ring would eventually lead to centuries of conflict and strife. This choice would necessitate the formation of another great alliance in the Third Age, echoing the struggles of their ancestors against the same ancient evil.